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Isaac Fontana

Between 2023 and 2025, Brazil faced environmental, social, and cultural crises that exposed the vulnerability of its populations. In Rio Grande do Sul, intense rains caused the greatest climatic tragedy in the state’s history: rivers overflowed, millions were left homeless, 184 people died, and the damages reached R$ 88.9 billion, revealing the urgency of measures in the face of climate change.


In the city of São Paulo, the Guarani Mbya people of Jaraguá achieved a historic milestone in their struggle for territory in 2025: the shared management of overlapping areas with the Jaraguá State Park expanded the indigenous land from 1.7 hectares to 532 hectares, ensuring cultural and environmental preservation. Also in the capital, the Moinho favela, the last favela in the center, resisted decades of pressure for gentrification, facing police violence and eviction threats. After intense mobilization, the community made progress in protecting the right to housing and local security.
In Pará, the Munduruku people suffer from the invasion of illegal miners who degrade the Tapajós River, pollute the environment with mercury, and compromise the food and health of the villages. Studies indicate that 100% of the indigenous people are contaminated, integrating traditional and scientific knowledge to resist and raise awareness among the new generations.


In Rondônia, the Guajará-Mirim State Park has faced, since July 2024, criminal fires that devastated 33% of the vegetation, threatening the biodiversity and the health of the Karipuna and Uru Eu Wau Wau indigenous communities. Combat operations mobilized more than 500 agents, but the initial insufficient response highlighted weaknesses in environmental protection.